Thì Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn là một trong những thì quan trọng trong cấu trúc ngữ pháp tiếng anh. Bởi chúng được sử dụng khá nhiều trong công việc và cuộc sống trong môi trường ngoại ngữ. Hiểu được điều đó, anh ngữ EFC đã tổng hợp các kiến thức cần thiết để giúp các bạn có thể hiểu rõ và nắm vững các kiến thức của cấu trúc này. Hy vọng bài viết này sẽ giúp ích được cho các bạn trong môi trường làm việc và học tập.
1. Định nghĩa thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn được dùng để diễn tả quá trình xảy ra 1 hành động bắt đầu trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.
2. Cách dùng thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
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| Cách dùng | Ví dụ |
| Diễn đạt một hành động đang xảy ra trước một hành động trong quá khứ (nhấn mạng tính tiếp diễn) | I had been thinking about that before you mentioned it.
Tôi vẫn đang nghĩ về điều đó trước khi câu đề cập tới |
| Diễn đạt hành động là nguyên nhân của một điều gì đó trong quá khứ. | Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
(Sam tăng cân vì anh ấy đã ăn quá nhiều.)
Betty fail the final test because she hadn’t been attending class. (Betty đã trượt bài kiểm tra cuối kì vì cô ấy không tham gia lớp học.) |
3. Công thức thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
|
Câu khẳng định |
Câu phủ định |
Câu nghi vấn |
|
S + had + been + V-ing Ví dụ: – It had been raining very hard for two hours before it stopped. – They had been working very hard before we came. |
S + hadn’t + been + V-ing CHÚ Ý: – hadn’t = had not Ví dụ: – My father hadn’t been doing anything when my mother came home. – They hadn’t been talking to each other when we saw them. |
Had + S + been + V-ing ? Trả lời: Yes, S + had./ No, S + hadn’t. No, S + hadn’t. Ví dụ: – Had they been waiting for me when you met them? Yes, they had./ No, they hadn’t. – Had she been watching TV for 4 hours before she went to eat dinner? Yes, she had./ No, she hadn’t. |
4. Dấu hiệu nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
Từ nhận biết: until then, by the time, prior to that time, before, after.
Tham khảo thêm cách dùng thì Quá khứ hoàn thành trong video dưới đây nhé:
5. Bài tập
Câu 1. Read the situations and make sentences from the words in brackets
VD:1. I was very tired when I arrived home. (I/work/hard all day) I’d been working hard all day.
2. The two boys came into the house. They had a football and they were both very tired. (they/play/football) ………………. 3 I was disappointed when I had to cancel my holiday. (I/look/forward to it) ……………….
4 Ann woke up in the middle of the night. She was frightened and didn’t know where she was. (she/dream) ……………….
5 When I got home, Tom was sitting in front of the TC. He had just turned it off. (he/watch/a film) ……………….
Bài 2: Read the situations and complete the sentences
VD:1. We played tennis yesterday. Half an hour after we began playing, it started to rain. We had been playing for half an hour when it started to rain.
2 I had arranged to meet Tom in a restaurant. I arrived and waited for him. After 20 minutes I suddenly realized that I was in the wrong restaurant. I …. for 20 minutes when I … the wrong restaurant.
3 Sarah got a job in a factory. Five years later the factory closed down. At the time the factory … , Sarah … there for five years.
4 I went to a concert last week. The orchestra began playing. After about ten minutes a man in the audience suddenly started shouting. The orchestra … when …… This time make your own sentence:
5 I began walking along the road. I ….. when …..
Bài 3: Put the verb into the most suitable form, past continuous (I was doing) past perfect (I had done) or past perfect continuous (I had been doing)
1 It was very noisy next door. Our neighbours were having (have) a party.
2 John and I went for a walk. I had difficulty keeping up with him because he … (walk) so fast
3 Sue was sitting on the ground.She was out of breath. She … (run)
4 When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table with their mouths full. They … (eat)
5 When I arrived, everybody was sitting round the table and talking. Their mouths were empty, but their stomachs were full. They … (eat)
6 Jim was on his hands and knees on the floor. He … (look) for his contact lens.
7 When I arrived, Kate … (wait) for me. She was annoyed with me because I was late and she … (wait) for a long time.
Đáp án
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Câu 1:
2 They’d been playing football
3 I’d been looking forward to it
4 She’d been dreaming
5 He’d been watching a film
Câu 2:
2 I’d been waiting for 20 minutes when I realised that I was in the wrong restaurant.
3 At the time the factory closed down, Sarad had been working there for five years.
4 The orchestra had been playing for about ten minutes when a man in the audience started shouting.
5 I’d been walking along the road for about ten minutes when a car suddenly stopped just behind me.
Câu 3:
2 was walking
3 had been running
4 were eating
5 had been eating
6 was looking
7 was waiting … had been waiting
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